Analog Electronics
Circuit fundamentals, semiconductors and diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs, op-amps, filters, feedback and oscillators, power and regulators, noise and precision, ADC/DAC interfaces, analog IC design, PLLs, PCB/EMI, SPICE, debugging and capstone projects — the physical layer everything digital eventually depends on.
Foundations of Analog Electronics
- Analog Signals, Signal Parameters & Decibels
- Circuit Analysis for Analog Design
- Network Theorems
- Real Resistors, Capacitors & Inductors
- RC, RL & RLC Transients, Resonance and Q
Semiconductors, Diodes & Optoelectronics
- Semiconductor Physics for Circuit Designers
- PN Junction & Diode Models
- Zener, Schottky, TVS & Other Special-Purpose Diodes
- Optoelectronic Devices: LEDs, Photodiodes, Optocouplers & Solar Cells
- Rectifiers & Capacitor-Input Filters
- Clippers, Clampers & Peak Detectors
Transistors & Discrete Amplifiers
- BJT Fundamentals: Operation, Regions & Models
- BJT Biasing, Load Lines & Stability
- BJT Amplifier Configurations: CE, CB, CC, Darlington & Cascode
- JFET & MOSFET Fundamentals
- FET Biasing & Amplifiers: CS, CG, CD, Cascode & Active Loads
- Small-Signal Analysis & the Miller Effect
- Frequency Response, Bode Plots & Bandwidth
Differential Stages & Operational Amplifiers
- Differential Amplifiers, CMRR & Large-Signal Behaviour
- Current Sources & Current Mirrors
- Operational Amplifier Fundamentals & Non-Idealities
- Op-Amp Circuits: Inverting, Non-Inverting, Summing, Difference & Integrator
- Advanced Op-Amp Applications: TIA, Log, Precision Rectifier & Instrumentation
- Comparators, Schmitt Triggers & Window Detectors
Filters, Feedback, Stability & Oscillators
- Passive & Active Filters: Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel, Sallen-Key & MFB
- Negative Feedback: Topologies, Benefits & Loop Gain
- Stability, Phase Margin & Frequency Compensation
- Sinusoidal Oscillators: Wien, Phase-Shift, LC & Crystal
- 555 Timer & Waveform Generators
Power Stages, Regulators & References
- Power Amplifiers: Classes A, B, AB, C & D
- Thermal Design, Heatsinks & Safe Operating Area
- Linear Regulators & LDOs
- Switching Regulators: Buck, Boost & Buck-Boost
- Voltage References & Bandgap Circuits
Precision Analog & Signal Conditioning
- Noise in Analog Circuits
- Distortion, Linearity & Dynamic Range
- Signal Conditioning & Sensor Excitation
- Temperature Measurement: RTD, Thermocouple, Thermistor & IR
- Instrumentation Amplifiers, Error Budgets & Calibration
Mixed-Signal Interfaces
- Sampling, Sample-and-Hold & ADC Front-End Design
- DAC Architectures, Output Stages & Reconstruction
- Analog Switches, Multiplexers & Switched-Capacitor Circuits
Analog IC Design, PLLs & Communication
- MOSFET Device Physics & Models
- Analog IC Building Blocks
- Analog IC Design: OTAs, Two-Stage Op-Amps & gm/ID Sizing
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency & Phase Modulation (FM/PM)
- PLLs, Mixers & Analog Communication Circuits
Lab Practice: Measurement, Simulation & Debugging
- Measurement Techniques & Lab Instruments for Analog
- Bridges
- SPICE Simulation for Analog Design
- Debugging Analog Circuits: Methodical Fault Finding
Professional Design Practice
- PCB Layout, Grounding, EMI/EMC & Protection
- Datasheets, Component Selection, Tolerances & Reliability
- Frequency-Domain Methods & Analog PID Control
- Compensator Design: Lead, Lag & Loop Shaping