Mixed-Signal Interfaces

Mixed-Signal Interfaces: Sampling, Sample-and-Hold & ADC Front-End Design, DAC Architectures, Output Stages & Reconstruction, Analog Switches, Multiplexers & Switched-Capacitor Circuits.

• Sampling, Sample-and-Hold & ADC Front-End Design — Connecting the analog world to an ADC without losing accuracy. Learn sampling and the Nyquist theorem, aliasing and anti-aliasing filters, sample-and-hold operation (acquisition, aperture, droop, pedestal), ADC architectures (SAR, delta-sigma, pipeline, flash) and their input structures, switched-capacitor input kickback, driver amplifier and RC 'charge-bucket' filter design, settling to N bits, single-ended vs differential inputs, input range and common mode, aperture jitter limits, and ADC specifications (offset, gain, INL, DNL, SNR, SINAD, ENOB, SFDR) — with Python computing alias frequencies, settling time constants, kickback RC and jitter-limited SNR.
• DAC Architectures, Output Stages & Reconstruction — Turning numbers back into analog signals. Learn DAC architectures (binary-weighted, R-2R ladder, string, current-steering, delta-sigma, PWM), voltage vs current outputs, output buffering, level shifting and scaling with op-amps, static specifications (offset, gain, INL, DNL, monotonicity), dynamic specifications (settling, glitch impulse, SFDR), zero-order-hold sinc droop and reconstruction filters, interpolation, and PWM-as-DAC filtering — with Python computing DAC outputs, sinc droop and INL/DNL from measured levels.
• Analog Switches, Multiplexers & Switched-Capacitor Circuits — Routing and processing analog signals with switches. Learn MOSFET and CMOS transmission-gate switches, on-resistance and flatness, leakage, off-isolation and crosstalk, charge injection and clock feedthrough, multiplexers and settling in scanned systems, break-before-make, fault protection, sample-and-hold circuits, the switched-capacitor 'resistor' R = 1/(f·C), switched-capacitor integrators and filters set by capacitor ratios, and parasitic-insensitive topologies — with Python computing R_on errors, charge-injection steps, SC equivalent resistance and integrator frequency.