Analog IC Design, PLLs & Communication

Analog IC Design, PLLs & Communication: MOSFET Device Physics & Models, Analog IC Building Blocks, Analog IC Design: OTAs, Two-Stage Op-Amps & gm/ID Sizing, Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency & Phase Modulation (FM/PM), PLLs, Mixers & Analog Communication Circuits.

• MOSFET Device Physics & Models — The MOSFET is the building block of every digital and analog chip. Learn the MOS capacitor, inversion and threshold voltage, the cut-off/triode/saturation regions, the square-law I–V equations, channel-length modulation, body effect, subthreshold conduction, velocity saturation and short-channel effects, and why FinFETs and nanosheets replaced planar transistors.
• Analog IC Building Blocks — The transistor-level circuits every analog/mixed-signal chip uses. Learn small-signal models, the common-source stage and intrinsic gain, current mirrors and cascodes, the differential pair and common-mode rejection, the gm/I_D design methodology, two-stage op-amp structure with Miller compensation, bandgap references, matching and layout for analog.
• Analog IC Design: OTAs, Two-Stage Op-Amps & gm/ID Sizing — How the amplifiers inside chips are designed. Learn the CMOS design flow (specs → topology → sizing → simulation → layout → verification), the 5-transistor OTA, telescopic and folded-cascode OTAs, the two-stage Miller-compensated op-amp and its pole-splitting/RHP-zero, gm/ID methodology across weak, moderate and strong inversion, bias circuits and current references, common-mode feedback in fully differential amplifiers, matching and layout (common-centroid, interdigitation, dummies, guard rings), corners and Monte Carlo, and IC-level noise, offset and PSRR — with Python sizing a 5T OTA and a two-stage Miller op-amp for ~60° phase margin.
• Amplitude Modulation (AM) — AM varies a carrier's amplitude with the message. Learn the AM equation, modulation index, spectrum (carrier + sidebands), bandwidth, power distribution and efficiency, DSB-SC and SSB, envelope and coherent detection, over-modulation, and the superheterodyne receiver.
• Frequency & Phase Modulation (FM/PM) — Angle modulation varies the carrier's frequency or phase. Learn FM and PM equations, frequency deviation and modulation index β, narrowband vs wideband FM, Carson's rule bandwidth, Bessel sidebands, noise advantage and pre-emphasis, FM generation (VCO) and demodulation (PLL, discriminator).
• PLLs, Mixers & Analog Communication Circuits — Analog circuits that move and lock frequencies. Learn phase-locked loops (phase detector, charge pump, loop filter, VCO, divider), lock range and loop bandwidth, integer-N and fractional-N synthesis, phase noise and reference spurs, clock recovery; mixers and frequency translation, the superheterodyne receiver and image frequency, AM modulation and envelope detection, FM and Carson's rule, PLL FM demodulation, LNAs and impedance matching basics, AGC and RSSI — with Python computing synthesizer outputs, loop bandwidth, AM/FM bandwidths and superhet image frequencies.