Safety & Reliability

HAZOP, LOPA, SIL and alarm management. Designing instrumentation that keeps people safe: hazard studies, risk analysis, safety instrumented systems, SIL verification, proof testing and alarm management.

• HAZOP — HAZOP (Hazard and Operability study) is a structured team review that finds what can go wrong in a process design. Learn nodes, parameters and guidewords, how to record causes, consequences and safeguards, risk ranking with a risk matrix, and how HAZOP fits in the safety lifecycle.
• Risk Analysis — Risk = frequency × consequence. Learn qualitative vs quantitative risk assessment, fault trees and event trees, Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA), probability of failure on demand (PFD), Safety Integrity Levels (SIL), individual and societal risk, and ALARP.
• Safety Instrumented Systems, SIL & Alarm Management — When control fails, safety systems must act. Learn layers of protection, HAZOP and LOPA, safety instrumented functions (SIF), SIL levels and PFDavg, architectures (1oo1, 1oo2, 2oo3), proof testing, common-cause failures, IEC 61508/61511 lifecycle, separation of BPCS and SIS, fire & gas systems, hazardous-area classification basics, and alarm management (ISA-18.2) — with a Python PFD/SIL calculator.