Containers, Kubernetes and Cloud-Native Wasm

Docker + Wasm: Docker Desktop supports Wasm workloads via containerd shims (--runtime=io.containerd.wasmedge.v1, --platform wasi/wasm).

Kubernetes: runwasi (containerd shims for Wasmtime, WasmEdge, Wasmer, Spin), SpinKube (Spin Operator + shim), Kwasm (node installer), the RuntimeClass for Wasm pods, wasmCloud on Kubernetes, Krustlet (deprecated).

OCI artifacts: store Wasm modules/components in container registries (wasm-to-oci, wkg oci push, oras push).

Benefits vs containers: tiny images (KB–MB), millisecond startup, a stronger default sandbox, architecture independence. Limitations: maturing networking/threads, not every workload ports (system calls, native libraries).

docker buildx build --platform wasi/wasm -t myapp:wasm .
docker run --runtime=io.containerd.wasmtime.v1 --platform=wasi/wasm myapp:wasm

FROM scratch
COPY target/wasm32-wasip1/release/app.wasm /app.wasm
ENTRYPOINT ["/app.wasm"]