Programming Fundamentals

What programming is, how languages and type systems work, and every core building block — variables, control flow, functions, recursion, data structures, pointers, objects, modules.

Lessons

• What Is Programming?
• Why Programming Languages Exist
• Compiled vs. Interpreted
• Type Systems
• Memory Safety & Determinism
• Programming Paradigms
• Variables & Constants
• Data Types
• Operators & Expressions
• Input & Output
• Conditions
• Loops
• Functions & Parameters
• Scope & Lifetime
• Recursion
• Arrays & Strings
• Structures & Enumerations
• Pointers & References
• Objects & Classes
• Modules, Packages & Namespaces
• Libraries & APIs