Fluid/Hydraulics

Water at rest and in motion — dams, pipes, canals and floods. Hydraulic engineering for civil works: hydrostatics and dams, open-channel flow, pipe networks, pumping and hydrology — from a single culvert to a city's water supply and flood defences.

• Fluid Mechanics — Fluid mechanics for civil engineers: water properties, hydrostatic pressure and forces on dams and gates, buoyancy, continuity, Bernoulli's energy equation, and how they apply to dams, tanks, spillways and water supply.
• Open Channel Flow — Open channels carry water with a free surface: rivers, canals, drains, culverts and sewers. Learn uniform flow (Manning), Froude number, specific energy and critical depth, hydraulic jumps, weirs and channel design.
• Pipe Flow — Friction and fittings cost pressure. Learn the Darcy–Weisbach equation, friction factor (laminar 64/Re, Colebrook, Moody chart), minor losses (K-values), system curves and how to size pipes and pumps together.
• Pumps — Pumps add energy to liquids. Learn centrifugal vs positive-displacement pumps, head, flow and hydraulic power, pump and system curves, efficiency, affinity laws, NPSH and cavitation, and series/parallel operation.
• Hydrology — Hydrology quantifies water in the environment. Learn the hydrologic cycle, rainfall (intensity–duration–frequency, return periods and risk), infiltration and runoff (rational method, SCS-CN), time of concentration, hydrographs and unit hydrographs, and flood design.